Effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB: a multicentre study.
Identifieur interne : 000D51 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000D50; suivant : 000D52Effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB: a multicentre study.
Auteurs : Sergey E. Borisov [Russie] ; Keertan Dheda [Afrique du Sud] ; Martin Enwerem [Afrique du Sud] ; Rodolfo Romero Leyet [Afrique du Sud] ; Lia D'Ambrosio [Italie] ; Rosella Centis [Italie] ; Giovanni Sotgiu [Italie] ; Simon Tiberi [Royaume-Uni] ; Jan-Willem Alffenaar [Pays-Bas] ; Andrey Maryandyshev [Russie] ; Evgeny Belilovski [Russie] ; Shashank Ganatra [Inde] ; Alena Skrahina [Biélorussie] ; Onno Akkerman [Pays-Bas] ; Alena Aleksa [Biélorussie] ; Rohit Amale [Inde] ; Janina Artsukevich [Biélorussie] ; Judith Bruchfeld [Suède] ; Jose A. Caminero [Espagne] ; Isabel Carpena Martinez [Espagne] ; Luigi Codecasa [Italie] ; Margareth Dalcolmo [Brésil] ; Justin Denholm [Australie] ; Paul Douglas [Australie] ; Raquel Duarte [Portugal] ; Aliasgar Esmail [Afrique du Sud] ; Mohammed Fadul [Afrique du Sud] ; Alexey Filippov [Russie] ; Lina Davies Forsman [Suède] ; Mina Gaga [Grèce] ; Julia-Amaranta Garcia-Fuertes [Espagne] ; José-María García-García [Espagne] ; Gina Gualano [Italie] ; Jerker Jonsson [Suède] ; Heinke Kunst [Royaume-Uni] ; Jillian S. Lau [Australie] ; Barbara Lazaro Mastrapa [Afrique du Sud] ; Jorge Lazaro Teran Troya [Afrique du Sud] ; Selene Manga [Pérou] ; Katerina Manika [Grèce] ; Pablo González Montaner [Argentine] ; Jai Mullerpattan [Inde] ; Suzette Oelofse [Afrique du Sud] ; Martina Ortelli [Italie] ; Domingo Juan Palmero [Argentine] ; Fabrizio Palmieri [Italie] ; Antonella Papalia [Italie] ; Apostolos Papavasileiou [Grèce] ; Marie-Christine Payen [Belgique] ; Emanuele Pontali [Italie] ; Carlos Robalo Cordeiro [Portugal] ; Laura Saderi [Italie] ; Tsetan Dorji Sadutshang [Inde] ; Tatsiana Sanukevich [Biélorussie] ; Varvara Solodovnikova [Biélorussie] ; Antonio Spanevello [Italie] ; Sonam Topgyal [Inde] ; Federica Toscanini [Italie] ; Adrian R. Tramontana [Australie] ; Zarir Farokh Udwadia [Inde] ; Pietro Viggiani [Italie] ; Veronica White [Royaume-Uni] ; Alimuddin Zumla [Royaume-Uni] ; Giovanni Battista Migliori [Italie]Source :
- The European respiratory journal [ 1399-3003 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Large studies on bedaquiline used to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of bedaquiline-containing regimens in a large, retrospective, observational study conducted in 25 centres and 15 countries in five continents.428 culture-confirmed MDR-TB cases were analysed (61.5% male; 22.1% HIV-positive, 45.6% XDR-TB). MDR-TB cases were admitted to hospital for a median (interquartile range (IQR)) 179 (92-280) days and exposed to bedaquiline for 168 (86-180) days. Treatment regimens included, among others, linezolid, moxifloxacin, clofazimine and carbapenems (82.0%, 58.4%, 52.6% and 15.3% of cases, respectively).Sputum smear and culture conversion rates in MDR-TB cases were 63.6% and 30.1%, respectively at 30 days, 81.1% and 56.7%, respectively at 60 days; 85.5% and 80.5%, respectively at 90 days and 88.7% and 91.2%, respectively at the end of treatment. The median (IQR) time to smear and culture conversion was 34 (30-60) days and 60 (33-90) days. Out of 247 culture-confirmed MDR-TB cases completing treatment, 71.3% achieved success (62.4% cured; 8.9% completed treatment), 13.4% died, 7.3% defaulted and 7.7% failed. Bedaquiline was interrupted due to adverse events in 5.8% of cases. A single case died, having electrocardiographic abnormalities that were probably non-bedaquiline related.Bedaquiline-containing regimens achieved high conversion and success rates under different nonexperimental conditions.
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00387-2017
PubMed: 28529205
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Argentine, Australie, Belgique, Biélorussie, Brésil, Espagne, Grèce, Inde, Italie, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Pérou, Royaume-Uni, Russie, Suède
- Angleterre, Attique (région), Catalogne, District fédéral central, Grand Londres, Groningue (province), Latium, Lombardie, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Svealand, Victoria (État), État de Rio de Janeiro
- Athènes, Barcelone, Bruxelles, Groningue, Groningue (ville), Londres, Melbourne, Milan, Moscou, Rio de Janeiro, Rome, Stockholm, Sydney
- Université de Groningue, Université de Londres, Université de Melbourne, Université libre de Bruxelles
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Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skrahina, Alena" sort="Skrahina, Alena" uniqKey="Skrahina A" first="Alena" last="Skrahina">Alena Skrahina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minsk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akkerman, Onno" sort="Akkerman, Onno" uniqKey="Akkerman O" first="Onno" last="Akkerman">Onno Akkerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis Center Beatrixoord, Haren, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis Center Beatrixoord, Haren</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aleksa, Alena" sort="Aleksa, Alena" uniqKey="Aleksa A" first="Alena" last="Aleksa">Alena Aleksa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grodno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amale, Rohit" sort="Amale, Rohit" uniqKey="Amale R" first="Rohit" last="Amale">Rohit Amale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Artsukevich, Janina" sort="Artsukevich, Janina" uniqKey="Artsukevich J" first="Janina" last="Artsukevich">Janina Artsukevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grodno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruchfeld, Judith" sort="Bruchfeld, Judith" uniqKey="Bruchfeld J" first="Judith" last="Bruchfeld">Judith Bruchfeld</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caminero, Jose A" sort="Caminero, Jose A" uniqKey="Caminero J" first="Jose A" last="Caminero">Jose A. Caminero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pneumology Dept, Hospital General de Gran Canaria "Dr Negrin", Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Pneumology Dept, Hospital General de Gran Canaria "Dr Negrin", Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpena Martinez, Isabel" sort="Carpena Martinez, Isabel" uniqKey="Carpena Martinez I" first="Isabel" last="Carpena Martinez">Isabel Carpena Martinez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>General University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Murcia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Codecasa, Luigi" sort="Codecasa, Luigi" uniqKey="Codecasa L" first="Luigi" last="Codecasa">Luigi Codecasa</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/Niguarda Hospital, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalcolmo, Margareth" sort="Dalcolmo, Margareth" uniqKey="Dalcolmo M" first="Margareth" last="Dalcolmo">Margareth Dalcolmo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hélio Fraga Reference Center, Fiocruz/MoH, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Hélio Fraga Reference Center, Fiocruz/MoH, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denholm, Justin" sort="Denholm, Justin" uniqKey="Denholm J" first="Justin" last="Denholm">Justin Denholm</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douglas, Paul" sort="Douglas, Paul" uniqKey="Douglas P" first="Paul" last="Douglas">Paul Douglas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Health Policy and Performance Branch, Health Services and Policy Division, Dept of Immigration and Border Protection, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Policy and Performance Branch, Health Services and Policy Division, Dept of Immigration and Border Protection, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duarte, Raquel" sort="Duarte, Raquel" uniqKey="Duarte R" first="Raquel" last="Duarte">Raquel Duarte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Hospital Centre Vila Nova de Gaia, Dept of Pneumology, Public Health Science and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Hospital Centre Vila Nova de Gaia, Dept of Pneumology, Public Health Science and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esmail, Aliasgar" sort="Esmail, Aliasgar" uniqKey="Esmail A" first="Aliasgar" last="Esmail">Aliasgar Esmail</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fadul, Mohammed" sort="Fadul, Mohammed" uniqKey="Fadul M" first="Mohammed" last="Fadul">Mohammed Fadul</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filippov, Alexey" sort="Filippov, Alexey" uniqKey="Filippov A" first="Alexey" last="Filippov">Alexey Filippov</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies Forsman, Lina" sort="Davies Forsman, Lina" uniqKey="Davies Forsman L" first="Lina" last="Davies Forsman">Lina Davies Forsman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaga, Mina" sort="Gaga, Mina" uniqKey="Gaga M" first="Mina" last="Gaga">Mina Gaga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>7th Respiratory Medicine Dept, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>7th Respiratory Medicine Dept, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Fuertes, Julia Amaranta" sort="Garcia Fuertes, Julia Amaranta" uniqKey="Garcia Fuertes J" first="Julia-Amaranta" last="Garcia-Fuertes">Julia-Amaranta Garcia-Fuertes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bronchiectasis Unit, Respiratory Dept, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Bronchiectasis Unit, Respiratory Dept, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vitoria-Gasteiz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Garcia, Jose Maria" sort="Garcia Garcia, Jose Maria" uniqKey="Garcia Garcia J" first="José-María" last="García-García">José-María García-García</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Tuberculosis Research Programme, SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Tuberculosis Research Programme, SEPAR, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gualano, Gina" sort="Gualano, Gina" uniqKey="Gualano G" first="Gina" last="Gualano">Gina Gualano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonsson, Jerker" sort="Jonsson, Jerker" uniqKey="Jonsson J" first="Jerker" last="Jonsson">Jerker Jonsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National TB Surveillance Unit, Public Health Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>National TB Surveillance Unit, Public Health Agency, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kunst, Heinke" sort="Kunst, Heinke" uniqKey="Kunst H" first="Heinke" last="Kunst">Heinke Kunst</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Jillian S" sort="Lau, Jillian S" uniqKey="Lau J" first="Jillian S" last="Lau">Jillian S. Lau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazaro Mastrapa, Barbara" sort="Lazaro Mastrapa, Barbara" uniqKey="Lazaro Mastrapa B" first="Barbara" last="Lazaro Mastrapa">Barbara Lazaro Mastrapa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Upington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teran Troya, Jorge Lazaro" sort="Teran Troya, Jorge Lazaro" uniqKey="Teran Troya J" first="Jorge Lazaro" last="Teran Troya">Jorge Lazaro Teran Troya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Upington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manga, Selene" sort="Manga, Selene" uniqKey="Manga S" first="Selene" last="Manga">Selene Manga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, University National San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cusco, Perù.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, University National San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cusco</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cusco</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manika, Katerina" sort="Manika, Katerina" uniqKey="Manika K" first="Katerina" last="Manika">Katerina Manika</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonary Dept, 'G. Papanikolaou' Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonary Dept, 'G. Papanikolaou' Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thessaloniki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Montaner, Pablo" sort="Gonzalez Montaner, Pablo" uniqKey="Gonzalez Montaner P" first="Pablo" last="González Montaner">Pablo González Montaner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mullerpattan, Jai" sort="Mullerpattan, Jai" uniqKey="Mullerpattan J" first="Jai" last="Mullerpattan">Jai Mullerpattan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oelofse, Suzette" sort="Oelofse, Suzette" uniqKey="Oelofse S" first="Suzette" last="Oelofse">Suzette Oelofse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortelli, Martina" sort="Ortelli, Martina" uniqKey="Ortelli M" first="Martina" last="Ortelli">Martina Ortelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pneumology Dept, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pneumology Dept, University of Insubria, Varese</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Varese</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmero, Domingo Juan" sort="Palmero, Domingo Juan" uniqKey="Palmero D" first="Domingo Juan" last="Palmero">Domingo Juan Palmero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmieri, Fabrizio" sort="Palmieri, Fabrizio" uniqKey="Palmieri F" first="Fabrizio" last="Palmieri">Fabrizio Palmieri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papalia, Antonella" sort="Papalia, Antonella" uniqKey="Papalia A" first="Antonella" last="Papalia">Antonella Papalia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sondalo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papavasileiou, Apostolos" sort="Papavasileiou, Apostolos" uniqKey="Papavasileiou A" first="Apostolos" last="Papavasileiou">Apostolos Papavasileiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MDR-TB Unit, Athens Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>MDR-TB Unit, Athens Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payen, Marie Christine" sort="Payen, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Payen M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Payen">Marie-Christine Payen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pontali, Emanuele" sort="Pontali, Emanuele" uniqKey="Pontali E" first="Emanuele" last="Pontali">Emanuele Pontali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos" sort="Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos" uniqKey="Robalo Cordeiro C" first="Carlos" last="Robalo Cordeiro">Carlos Robalo Cordeiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Coimbra Medical School, Pneumology Dept, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Coimbra Medical School, Pneumology Dept, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saderi, Laura" sort="Saderi, Laura" uniqKey="Saderi L" first="Laura" last="Saderi">Laura Saderi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sassari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadutshang, Tsetan Dorji" sort="Sadutshang, Tsetan Dorji" uniqKey="Sadutshang T" first="Tsetan Dorji" last="Sadutshang">Tsetan Dorji Sadutshang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dharamshala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanukevich, Tatsiana" sort="Sanukevich, Tatsiana" uniqKey="Sanukevich T" first="Tatsiana" last="Sanukevich">Tatsiana Sanukevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grodno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solodovnikova, Varvara" sort="Solodovnikova, Varvara" uniqKey="Solodovnikova V" first="Varvara" last="Solodovnikova">Varvara Solodovnikova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minsk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spanevello, Antonio" sort="Spanevello, Antonio" uniqKey="Spanevello A" first="Antonio" last="Spanevello">Antonio Spanevello</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pneumology Dept, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pneumology Dept, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tradate</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topgyal, Sonam" sort="Topgyal, Sonam" uniqKey="Topgyal S" first="Sonam" last="Topgyal">Sonam Topgyal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dharamshala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toscanini, Federica" sort="Toscanini, Federica" uniqKey="Toscanini F" first="Federica" last="Toscanini">Federica Toscanini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Hospital San Martino, Care and Research Institute, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital San Martino, Care and Research Institute, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tramontana, Adrian R" sort="Tramontana, Adrian R" uniqKey="Tramontana A" first="Adrian R" last="Tramontana">Adrian R. Tramontana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Western Hospital, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Western Hospital, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Udwadia, Zarir Farokh" sort="Udwadia, Zarir Farokh" uniqKey="Udwadia Z" first="Zarir Farokh" last="Udwadia">Zarir Farokh Udwadia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viggiani, Pietro" sort="Viggiani, Pietro" uniqKey="Viggiani P" first="Pietro" last="Viggiani">Pietro Viggiani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sondalo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Veronica" sort="White, Veronica" uniqKey="White V" first="Veronica" last="White">Veronica White</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Healthcare NHS Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliori, Giovanni Battista" sort="Migliori, Giovanni Battista" uniqKey="Migliori G" first="Giovanni Battista" last="Migliori">Giovanni Battista Migliori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy giovannibattista.migliori@icsmaugeri.it.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tradate</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28529205</idno><idno type="pmid">28529205</idno><idno type="doi">10.1183/13993003.00387-2017</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000B89</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000B89</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000B86</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000B86</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000B86</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000B86</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004849</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">004849</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">004849</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000D46</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000D51</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000D51</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness and safety of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB: a multicentre study.</title><author><name sortKey="Borisov, Sergey E" sort="Borisov, Sergey E" uniqKey="Borisov S" first="Sergey E" last="Borisov">Sergey E. Borisov</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dheda, Keertan" sort="Dheda, Keertan" uniqKey="Dheda K" first="Keertan" last="Dheda">Keertan Dheda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCT Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>UCT Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enwerem, Martin" sort="Enwerem, Martin" uniqKey="Enwerem M" first="Martin" last="Enwerem">Martin Enwerem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Amity Health Consortium, Country Club Estate, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Amity Health Consortium, Country Club Estate, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romero Leyet, Rodolfo" sort="Romero Leyet, Rodolfo" uniqKey="Romero Leyet R" first="Rodolfo" last="Romero Leyet">Rodolfo Romero Leyet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Unit, District Clinical Specialist Team, Springbok, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Unit, District Clinical Specialist Team, Springbok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Springbok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Ambrosio, Lia" sort="D Ambrosio, Lia" uniqKey="D Ambrosio L" first="Lia" last="D'Ambrosio">Lia D'Ambrosio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tradate</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Centis, Rosella" sort="Centis, Rosella" uniqKey="Centis R" first="Rosella" last="Centis">Rosella Centis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tradate</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sotgiu, Giovanni" sort="Sotgiu, Giovanni" uniqKey="Sotgiu G" first="Giovanni" last="Sotgiu">Giovanni Sotgiu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sassari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiberi, Simon" sort="Tiberi, Simon" uniqKey="Tiberi S" first="Simon" last="Tiberi">Simon Tiberi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alffenaar, Jan Willem" sort="Alffenaar, Jan Willem" uniqKey="Alffenaar J" first="Jan-Willem" last="Alffenaar">Jan-Willem Alffenaar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maryandyshev, Andrey" sort="Maryandyshev, Andrey" uniqKey="Maryandyshev A" first="Andrey" last="Maryandyshev">Andrey Maryandyshev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arkhangelsk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belilovski, Evgeny" sort="Belilovski, Evgeny" uniqKey="Belilovski E" first="Evgeny" last="Belilovski">Evgeny Belilovski</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganatra, Shashank" sort="Ganatra, Shashank" uniqKey="Ganatra S" first="Shashank" last="Ganatra">Shashank Ganatra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skrahina, Alena" sort="Skrahina, Alena" uniqKey="Skrahina A" first="Alena" last="Skrahina">Alena Skrahina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minsk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akkerman, Onno" sort="Akkerman, Onno" uniqKey="Akkerman O" first="Onno" last="Akkerman">Onno Akkerman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis Center Beatrixoord, Haren, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Tuberculosis Center Beatrixoord, Haren</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aleksa, Alena" sort="Aleksa, Alena" uniqKey="Aleksa A" first="Alena" last="Aleksa">Alena Aleksa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grodno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amale, Rohit" sort="Amale, Rohit" uniqKey="Amale R" first="Rohit" last="Amale">Rohit Amale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Artsukevich, Janina" sort="Artsukevich, Janina" uniqKey="Artsukevich J" first="Janina" last="Artsukevich">Janina Artsukevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grodno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruchfeld, Judith" sort="Bruchfeld, Judith" uniqKey="Bruchfeld J" first="Judith" last="Bruchfeld">Judith Bruchfeld</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caminero, Jose A" sort="Caminero, Jose A" uniqKey="Caminero J" first="Jose A" last="Caminero">Jose A. Caminero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pneumology Dept, Hospital General de Gran Canaria "Dr Negrin", Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Pneumology Dept, Hospital General de Gran Canaria "Dr Negrin", Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpena Martinez, Isabel" sort="Carpena Martinez, Isabel" uniqKey="Carpena Martinez I" first="Isabel" last="Carpena Martinez">Isabel Carpena Martinez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>General University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Murcia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Codecasa, Luigi" sort="Codecasa, Luigi" uniqKey="Codecasa L" first="Luigi" last="Codecasa">Luigi Codecasa</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/Niguarda Hospital, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalcolmo, Margareth" sort="Dalcolmo, Margareth" uniqKey="Dalcolmo M" first="Margareth" last="Dalcolmo">Margareth Dalcolmo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hélio Fraga Reference Center, Fiocruz/MoH, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Hélio Fraga Reference Center, Fiocruz/MoH, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denholm, Justin" sort="Denholm, Justin" uniqKey="Denholm J" first="Justin" last="Denholm">Justin Denholm</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douglas, Paul" sort="Douglas, Paul" uniqKey="Douglas P" first="Paul" last="Douglas">Paul Douglas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Health Policy and Performance Branch, Health Services and Policy Division, Dept of Immigration and Border Protection, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Policy and Performance Branch, Health Services and Policy Division, Dept of Immigration and Border Protection, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duarte, Raquel" sort="Duarte, Raquel" uniqKey="Duarte R" first="Raquel" last="Duarte">Raquel Duarte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Hospital Centre Vila Nova de Gaia, Dept of Pneumology, Public Health Science and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Hospital Centre Vila Nova de Gaia, Dept of Pneumology, Public Health Science and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esmail, Aliasgar" sort="Esmail, Aliasgar" uniqKey="Esmail A" first="Aliasgar" last="Esmail">Aliasgar Esmail</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fadul, Mohammed" sort="Fadul, Mohammed" uniqKey="Fadul M" first="Mohammed" last="Fadul">Mohammed Fadul</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filippov, Alexey" sort="Filippov, Alexey" uniqKey="Filippov A" first="Alexey" last="Filippov">Alexey Filippov</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies Forsman, Lina" sort="Davies Forsman, Lina" uniqKey="Davies Forsman L" first="Lina" last="Davies Forsman">Lina Davies Forsman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaga, Mina" sort="Gaga, Mina" uniqKey="Gaga M" first="Mina" last="Gaga">Mina Gaga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>7th Respiratory Medicine Dept, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>7th Respiratory Medicine Dept, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Fuertes, Julia Amaranta" sort="Garcia Fuertes, Julia Amaranta" uniqKey="Garcia Fuertes J" first="Julia-Amaranta" last="Garcia-Fuertes">Julia-Amaranta Garcia-Fuertes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bronchiectasis Unit, Respiratory Dept, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Bronchiectasis Unit, Respiratory Dept, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vitoria-Gasteiz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Garcia, Jose Maria" sort="Garcia Garcia, Jose Maria" uniqKey="Garcia Garcia J" first="José-María" last="García-García">José-María García-García</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Tuberculosis Research Programme, SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Tuberculosis Research Programme, SEPAR, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gualano, Gina" sort="Gualano, Gina" uniqKey="Gualano G" first="Gina" last="Gualano">Gina Gualano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonsson, Jerker" sort="Jonsson, Jerker" uniqKey="Jonsson J" first="Jerker" last="Jonsson">Jerker Jonsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>National TB Surveillance Unit, Public Health Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>National TB Surveillance Unit, Public Health Agency, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kunst, Heinke" sort="Kunst, Heinke" uniqKey="Kunst H" first="Heinke" last="Kunst">Heinke Kunst</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, Jillian S" sort="Lau, Jillian S" uniqKey="Lau J" first="Jillian S" last="Lau">Jillian S. Lau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazaro Mastrapa, Barbara" sort="Lazaro Mastrapa, Barbara" uniqKey="Lazaro Mastrapa B" first="Barbara" last="Lazaro Mastrapa">Barbara Lazaro Mastrapa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Upington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teran Troya, Jorge Lazaro" sort="Teran Troya, Jorge Lazaro" uniqKey="Teran Troya J" first="Jorge Lazaro" last="Teran Troya">Jorge Lazaro Teran Troya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Harry Surtie Hospital, Upington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Upington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manga, Selene" sort="Manga, Selene" uniqKey="Manga S" first="Selene" last="Manga">Selene Manga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, University National San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cusco, Perù.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, University National San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cusco</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cusco</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manika, Katerina" sort="Manika, Katerina" uniqKey="Manika K" first="Katerina" last="Manika">Katerina Manika</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonary Dept, 'G. Papanikolaou' Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonary Dept, 'G. Papanikolaou' Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thessaloniki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Montaner, Pablo" sort="Gonzalez Montaner, Pablo" uniqKey="Gonzalez Montaner P" first="Pablo" last="González Montaner">Pablo González Montaner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mullerpattan, Jai" sort="Mullerpattan, Jai" uniqKey="Mullerpattan J" first="Jai" last="Mullerpattan">Jai Mullerpattan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oelofse, Suzette" sort="Oelofse, Suzette" uniqKey="Oelofse S" first="Suzette" last="Oelofse">Suzette Oelofse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>UCT Lung Institute, Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ortelli, Martina" sort="Ortelli, Martina" uniqKey="Ortelli M" first="Martina" last="Ortelli">Martina Ortelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pneumology Dept, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pneumology Dept, University of Insubria, Varese</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Varese</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmero, Domingo Juan" sort="Palmero, Domingo Juan" uniqKey="Palmero D" first="Domingo Juan" last="Palmero">Domingo Juan Palmero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Munĩz, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmieri, Fabrizio" sort="Palmieri, Fabrizio" uniqKey="Palmieri F" first="Fabrizio" last="Palmieri">Fabrizio Palmieri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papalia, Antonella" sort="Papalia, Antonella" uniqKey="Papalia A" first="Antonella" last="Papalia">Antonella Papalia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sondalo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papavasileiou, Apostolos" sort="Papavasileiou, Apostolos" uniqKey="Papavasileiou A" first="Apostolos" last="Papavasileiou">Apostolos Papavasileiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MDR-TB Unit, Athens Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health, Athens, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>MDR-TB Unit, Athens Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health, Athens</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payen, Marie Christine" sort="Payen, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Payen M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Payen">Marie-Christine Payen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pontali, Emanuele" sort="Pontali, Emanuele" uniqKey="Pontali E" first="Emanuele" last="Pontali">Emanuele Pontali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos" sort="Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos" uniqKey="Robalo Cordeiro C" first="Carlos" last="Robalo Cordeiro">Carlos Robalo Cordeiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Coimbra Medical School, Pneumology Dept, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Coimbra Medical School, Pneumology Dept, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saderi, Laura" sort="Saderi, Laura" uniqKey="Saderi L" first="Laura" last="Saderi">Laura Saderi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sassari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadutshang, Tsetan Dorji" sort="Sadutshang, Tsetan Dorji" uniqKey="Sadutshang T" first="Tsetan Dorji" last="Sadutshang">Tsetan Dorji Sadutshang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dharamshala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanukevich, Tatsiana" sort="Sanukevich, Tatsiana" uniqKey="Sanukevich T" first="Tatsiana" last="Sanukevich">Tatsiana Sanukevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Phthisiology, Grodno State Medical University, GRCC "Phthisiology", Grodno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grodno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solodovnikova, Varvara" sort="Solodovnikova, Varvara" uniqKey="Solodovnikova V" first="Varvara" last="Solodovnikova">Varvara Solodovnikova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Minsk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spanevello, Antonio" sort="Spanevello, Antonio" uniqKey="Spanevello A" first="Antonio" last="Spanevello">Antonio Spanevello</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pneumology Dept, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pneumology Dept, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tradate</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topgyal, Sonam" sort="Topgyal, Sonam" uniqKey="Topgyal S" first="Sonam" last="Topgyal">Sonam Topgyal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Delek Hospital, Dharamshala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dharamshala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toscanini, Federica" sort="Toscanini, Federica" uniqKey="Toscanini F" first="Federica" last="Toscanini">Federica Toscanini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Hospital San Martino, Care and Research Institute, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital San Martino, Care and Research Institute, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tramontana, Adrian R" sort="Tramontana, Adrian R" uniqKey="Tramontana A" first="Adrian R" last="Tramontana">Adrian R. Tramontana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Western Hospital, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Infectious Diseases, Western Hospital, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Udwadia, Zarir Farokh" sort="Udwadia, Zarir Farokh" uniqKey="Udwadia Z" first="Zarir Farokh" last="Udwadia">Zarir Farokh Udwadia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viggiani, Pietro" sort="Viggiani, Pietro" uniqKey="Viggiani P" first="Pietro" last="Viggiani">Pietro Viggiani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>AOVV Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Reference Hospital for MDR and HIV-TB, Sondalo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sondalo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Veronica" sort="White, Veronica" uniqKey="White V" first="Veronica" last="White">Veronica White</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Healthcare NHS Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliori, Giovanni Battista" sort="Migliori, Giovanni Battista" uniqKey="Migliori G" first="Giovanni Battista" last="Migliori">Giovanni Battista Migliori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy giovannibattista.migliori@icsmaugeri.it.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Tradate</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tradate</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The European respiratory journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1399-3003</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Large studies on bedaquiline used to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of bedaquiline-containing regimens in a large, retrospective, observational study conducted in 25 centres and 15 countries in five continents.428 culture-confirmed MDR-TB cases were analysed (61.5% male; 22.1% HIV-positive, 45.6% XDR-TB). MDR-TB cases were admitted to hospital for a median (interquartile range (IQR)) 179 (92-280) days and exposed to bedaquiline for 168 (86-180) days. Treatment regimens included, among others, linezolid, moxifloxacin, clofazimine and carbapenems (82.0%, 58.4%, 52.6% and 15.3% of cases, respectively).Sputum smear and culture conversion rates in MDR-TB cases were 63.6% and 30.1%, respectively at 30 days, 81.1% and 56.7%, respectively at 60 days; 85.5% and 80.5%, respectively at 90 days and 88.7% and 91.2%, respectively at the end of treatment. The median (IQR) time to smear and culture conversion was 34 (30-60) days and 60 (33-90) days. Out of 247 culture-confirmed MDR-TB cases completing treatment, 71.3% achieved success (62.4% cured; 8.9% completed treatment), 13.4% died, 7.3% defaulted and 7.7% failed. Bedaquiline was interrupted due to adverse events in 5.8% of cases. A single case died, having electrocardiographic abnormalities that were probably non-bedaquiline related.Bedaquiline-containing regimens achieved high conversion and success rates under different nonexperimental conditions.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Argentine</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Biélorussie</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Inde</li><li>Italie</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Pérou</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>Suède</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Attique (région)</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>District fédéral central</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Groningue (province)</li><li>Latium</li><li>Lombardie</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Victoria (État)</li><li>État de Rio de Janeiro</li></region><settlement><li>Athènes</li><li>Barcelone</li><li>Bruxelles</li><li>Groningue</li><li>Groningue (ville)</li><li>Londres</li><li>Melbourne</li><li>Milan</li><li>Moscou</li><li>Rio de Janeiro</li><li>Rome</li><li>Stockholm</li><li>Sydney</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Groningue</li><li>Université de Londres</li><li>Université de Melbourne</li><li>Université libre de Bruxelles</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Russie"><region name="District fédéral central"><name sortKey="Borisov, Sergey E" sort="Borisov, Sergey E" uniqKey="Borisov S" first="Sergey E" last="Borisov">Sergey E. Borisov</name></region><name sortKey="Belilovski, Evgeny" sort="Belilovski, Evgeny" uniqKey="Belilovski E" first="Evgeny" last="Belilovski">Evgeny Belilovski</name><name sortKey="Filippov, Alexey" sort="Filippov, Alexey" uniqKey="Filippov A" first="Alexey" last="Filippov">Alexey Filippov</name><name sortKey="Maryandyshev, Andrey" sort="Maryandyshev, Andrey" uniqKey="Maryandyshev A" first="Andrey" last="Maryandyshev">Andrey Maryandyshev</name></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dheda, Keertan" sort="Dheda, Keertan" uniqKey="Dheda K" first="Keertan" last="Dheda">Keertan Dheda</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Enwerem, Martin" sort="Enwerem, Martin" uniqKey="Enwerem M" first="Martin" last="Enwerem">Martin Enwerem</name><name sortKey="Esmail, Aliasgar" sort="Esmail, Aliasgar" uniqKey="Esmail A" first="Aliasgar" last="Esmail">Aliasgar Esmail</name><name sortKey="Fadul, Mohammed" sort="Fadul, Mohammed" uniqKey="Fadul M" first="Mohammed" last="Fadul">Mohammed Fadul</name><name sortKey="Lazaro Mastrapa, Barbara" sort="Lazaro Mastrapa, Barbara" uniqKey="Lazaro Mastrapa B" first="Barbara" last="Lazaro Mastrapa">Barbara Lazaro Mastrapa</name><name sortKey="Oelofse, Suzette" sort="Oelofse, Suzette" uniqKey="Oelofse S" first="Suzette" last="Oelofse">Suzette Oelofse</name><name sortKey="Romero Leyet, Rodolfo" sort="Romero Leyet, Rodolfo" uniqKey="Romero Leyet R" first="Rodolfo" last="Romero Leyet">Rodolfo Romero Leyet</name><name sortKey="Teran Troya, Jorge Lazaro" sort="Teran Troya, Jorge Lazaro" uniqKey="Teran Troya J" first="Jorge Lazaro" last="Teran Troya">Jorge Lazaro Teran Troya</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="D Ambrosio, Lia" sort="D Ambrosio, Lia" uniqKey="D Ambrosio L" first="Lia" last="D'Ambrosio">Lia D'Ambrosio</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Centis, Rosella" sort="Centis, Rosella" uniqKey="Centis R" first="Rosella" last="Centis">Rosella Centis</name><name sortKey="Codecasa, Luigi" sort="Codecasa, Luigi" uniqKey="Codecasa L" first="Luigi" last="Codecasa">Luigi Codecasa</name><name sortKey="Gualano, Gina" sort="Gualano, Gina" uniqKey="Gualano G" first="Gina" last="Gualano">Gina Gualano</name><name sortKey="Migliori, Giovanni Battista" sort="Migliori, Giovanni Battista" uniqKey="Migliori G" first="Giovanni Battista" last="Migliori">Giovanni Battista Migliori</name><name sortKey="Ortelli, Martina" sort="Ortelli, Martina" uniqKey="Ortelli M" first="Martina" last="Ortelli">Martina Ortelli</name><name sortKey="Palmieri, Fabrizio" sort="Palmieri, Fabrizio" uniqKey="Palmieri F" first="Fabrizio" last="Palmieri">Fabrizio Palmieri</name><name sortKey="Papalia, Antonella" sort="Papalia, Antonella" uniqKey="Papalia A" first="Antonella" last="Papalia">Antonella Papalia</name><name sortKey="Pontali, Emanuele" sort="Pontali, Emanuele" uniqKey="Pontali E" first="Emanuele" last="Pontali">Emanuele Pontali</name><name sortKey="Saderi, Laura" sort="Saderi, Laura" uniqKey="Saderi L" first="Laura" last="Saderi">Laura Saderi</name><name sortKey="Sotgiu, Giovanni" sort="Sotgiu, Giovanni" uniqKey="Sotgiu G" first="Giovanni" last="Sotgiu">Giovanni Sotgiu</name><name sortKey="Spanevello, Antonio" sort="Spanevello, Antonio" uniqKey="Spanevello A" first="Antonio" last="Spanevello">Antonio Spanevello</name><name sortKey="Toscanini, Federica" sort="Toscanini, Federica" uniqKey="Toscanini F" first="Federica" last="Toscanini">Federica Toscanini</name><name sortKey="Viggiani, Pietro" sort="Viggiani, Pietro" uniqKey="Viggiani P" first="Pietro" last="Viggiani">Pietro Viggiani</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Tiberi, Simon" sort="Tiberi, Simon" uniqKey="Tiberi S" first="Simon" last="Tiberi">Simon Tiberi</name></region><name sortKey="Kunst, Heinke" sort="Kunst, Heinke" uniqKey="Kunst H" first="Heinke" last="Kunst">Heinke Kunst</name><name sortKey="White, Veronica" sort="White, Veronica" uniqKey="White V" first="Veronica" last="White">Veronica White</name><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Groningue (province)"><name sortKey="Alffenaar, Jan Willem" sort="Alffenaar, Jan Willem" uniqKey="Alffenaar J" first="Jan-Willem" last="Alffenaar">Jan-Willem Alffenaar</name></region><name sortKey="Akkerman, Onno" sort="Akkerman, Onno" uniqKey="Akkerman O" first="Onno" last="Akkerman">Onno Akkerman</name></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ganatra, Shashank" sort="Ganatra, Shashank" uniqKey="Ganatra S" first="Shashank" last="Ganatra">Shashank Ganatra</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Amale, Rohit" sort="Amale, Rohit" uniqKey="Amale R" first="Rohit" last="Amale">Rohit Amale</name><name sortKey="Mullerpattan, Jai" sort="Mullerpattan, Jai" uniqKey="Mullerpattan J" first="Jai" last="Mullerpattan">Jai Mullerpattan</name><name sortKey="Sadutshang, Tsetan Dorji" sort="Sadutshang, Tsetan Dorji" uniqKey="Sadutshang T" first="Tsetan Dorji" last="Sadutshang">Tsetan Dorji Sadutshang</name><name sortKey="Topgyal, Sonam" sort="Topgyal, Sonam" uniqKey="Topgyal S" first="Sonam" last="Topgyal">Sonam Topgyal</name><name sortKey="Udwadia, Zarir Farokh" sort="Udwadia, Zarir Farokh" uniqKey="Udwadia Z" first="Zarir Farokh" last="Udwadia">Zarir Farokh Udwadia</name></country><country name="Biélorussie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Skrahina, Alena" sort="Skrahina, Alena" uniqKey="Skrahina A" first="Alena" last="Skrahina">Alena Skrahina</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Aleksa, Alena" sort="Aleksa, Alena" uniqKey="Aleksa A" first="Alena" last="Aleksa">Alena Aleksa</name><name sortKey="Artsukevich, Janina" sort="Artsukevich, Janina" uniqKey="Artsukevich J" first="Janina" last="Artsukevich">Janina Artsukevich</name><name sortKey="Sanukevich, Tatsiana" sort="Sanukevich, Tatsiana" uniqKey="Sanukevich T" first="Tatsiana" last="Sanukevich">Tatsiana Sanukevich</name><name sortKey="Solodovnikova, Varvara" sort="Solodovnikova, Varvara" uniqKey="Solodovnikova V" first="Varvara" last="Solodovnikova">Varvara Solodovnikova</name></country><country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Bruchfeld, Judith" sort="Bruchfeld, Judith" uniqKey="Bruchfeld J" first="Judith" last="Bruchfeld">Judith Bruchfeld</name></region><name sortKey="Davies Forsman, Lina" sort="Davies Forsman, Lina" uniqKey="Davies Forsman L" first="Lina" last="Davies Forsman">Lina Davies Forsman</name><name sortKey="Jonsson, Jerker" sort="Jonsson, Jerker" uniqKey="Jonsson J" first="Jerker" last="Jonsson">Jerker Jonsson</name></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Caminero, Jose A" sort="Caminero, Jose A" uniqKey="Caminero J" first="Jose A" last="Caminero">Jose A. 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Lau</name><name sortKey="Tramontana, Adrian R" sort="Tramontana, Adrian R" uniqKey="Tramontana A" first="Adrian R" last="Tramontana">Adrian R. Tramontana</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Duarte, Raquel" sort="Duarte, Raquel" uniqKey="Duarte R" first="Raquel" last="Duarte">Raquel Duarte</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos" sort="Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos" uniqKey="Robalo Cordeiro C" first="Carlos" last="Robalo Cordeiro">Carlos Robalo Cordeiro</name></country><country name="Grèce"><region name="Attique (région)"><name sortKey="Gaga, Mina" sort="Gaga, Mina" uniqKey="Gaga M" first="Mina" last="Gaga">Mina Gaga</name></region><name sortKey="Manika, Katerina" sort="Manika, Katerina" uniqKey="Manika K" first="Katerina" last="Manika">Katerina Manika</name><name sortKey="Papavasileiou, Apostolos" sort="Papavasileiou, Apostolos" uniqKey="Papavasileiou A" first="Apostolos" last="Papavasileiou">Apostolos Papavasileiou</name></country><country name="Pérou"><noRegion><name sortKey="Manga, Selene" sort="Manga, Selene" uniqKey="Manga S" first="Selene" last="Manga">Selene Manga</name></noRegion></country><country name="Argentine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gonzalez Montaner, Pablo" sort="Gonzalez Montaner, Pablo" uniqKey="Gonzalez Montaner P" first="Pablo" last="González Montaner">Pablo González Montaner</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Palmero, Domingo Juan" sort="Palmero, Domingo Juan" uniqKey="Palmero D" first="Domingo Juan" last="Palmero">Domingo Juan Palmero</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale"><name sortKey="Payen, Marie Christine" sort="Payen, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Payen M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Payen">Marie-Christine Payen</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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